M51.3 Missile

Context

France has conducted the first submarine launch test of the M51.3, a nuclear-capable ballistic missile, as part of the modernisation of its strategic nuclear forces.

About M51.3

1. The M51.3 is a submarine-launched intercontinental ballistic missile (SLBM) developed as an advanced variant of the M51 missile family.
2. It is manufactured by ArianeGroup and entered service on 24^th October 2025.
3. The missile is intended for France’s future SNLE 3G strategic nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.
4. The SNLE 3G fleet is expected to progressively replace the Le Triomphant-class submarines after 2035.

Key Features

1. Propulsion: Three-stage, solid-propellant system.
2. Size: Approximately 12 metres long and weighing more than 50 tonnes.
3. Warhead: Equipped with the TNO-2 oceanic nuclear warhead.
4. Range: Public estimates for the M51 family place its range at around 9,000 km or more; French officials have indicated a greater reach for the M51.3.
5. Navigation: Uses several navigation systems, including Europe’s Galileo satellite navigation system.

FAQs

Q1. What is the M51.3?
Ans: It is a French submarine-launched intercontinental ballistic missile (SLBM) belonging to the M51 missile family.

Q2. Which company manufactures the M51.3?
Ans: The missile is manufactured by ArianeGroup.

Q3. What type of propulsion does the M51.3 use?
Ans: It uses a three-stage solid-propellant propulsion system.

Q4. What is the approximate range of the M51 missile family?
Ans: Public estimates place the range at approximately 9,000 km or more, while French officials indicate a greater range for the M51.3.

Q5. Which nuclear warhead is associated with the M51.3?
Ans: The missile is equipped with the TNO-2 oceanic nuclear warhead.

Q6. Which submarines are expected to operate the M51.3?
Ans: It is intended for France’s next-generation SNLE 3G strategic nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, which are expected to replace the Le Triomphant class progressively after 2035.

Q7. Which satellite navigation system does the missile use?
Ans: Among its navigation systems, the M51.3 uses Europe’s Galileo satellite navigation system.