Context
The Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology (TNSDA) has launched the third phase of underwater exploration off the coast of Poompuhar to study its submerged archaeological remains.
About Poompuhar
- Location & Name: Poompuhar, also known as Puhar or Kaveripoompattinam, is located in Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, near the Cauvery River’s mouth on the Bay of Bengal. Puhar means estuary in Tamil.
- Historical Significance: It was a major ancient port and urban centre of Tamilakam and served as the capital of the Early Cholas for a period.
- Maritime Importance: Its coastal location supported maritime trade and connectivity, making it an important centre of the ancient Tamil region.
Archaeological and Literary Significance
- Archaeological Evidence: Underwater excavations have recovered remains and artefacts linked to the ancient settlement, including pottery dating to the 4th century BCE, confirming its antiquity.
- Literary Evidence: The Tamil epics Silappathikaram and Manimekalai describe Poompuhar as an important centre of urban life, trade and culture.
- Submergence: The ancient settlement was affected by coastal changes and tsunami events, which may have contributed to its submergence.
Additional Information: Cholas
- Rise: The Imperial Cholas emerged as a major power in South India from the 9th century CE, with the Kaveri delta as their core region.
- Capital: Uraiyur was the early inland capital; Puhar (Poompuhar/Kaveripattinam) also served as a capital of the Early Cholas for a period.
- Port City: Puhar was a major Chola port and an important centre of maritime trade during the Sangam Age.
- Emblem: The Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas
- Administration: They developed a strong administrative system with village assemblies and detailed revenue administration.
- Maritime Power: Under rulers such as Rajaraja I and Rajendra I, the Cholas expanded their influence across Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia and supported overseas trade.
- Culture & Architecture: The period is noted for Dravidian temple architecture, bronze sculpture and Tamil literary traditions.
FAQs
Q1. Where is Poompuhar located?
Ans. Poompuhar is in Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, near the mouth of the Cauvery River on the Bay of Bengal.
Q2. What was Poompuhar known as in ancient times?
Ans. It was known as Kaveripoompattinam and was an important ancient port of Tamilakam.
Q3. What is the historical importance of Poompuhar?
Ans. It was a major port and urban centre and served as a capital of the Early Cholas for a period.
