Daily Current Affairs Quiz: December 11, 2025

Answer: B [Only two]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: While village assemblies existed, social hierarchy was present, linked to land control, occupation, and emerging caste distinctions.

Statement 2 and 3 are correct: Land ownership was a key factor in social hierarchy, with elites controlling significant resources. The Vellalar community’s prominence stemmed from their agricultural and landholding activities.

Statement 4 is incorrect: Although the rigid untouchability of later periods wasn’t fully established, Early Chola society did exhibit emerging social hierarchies and potential discrimination based on occupation and birth, laying the groundwork for later social stratification.

Answer: B [A guild or association of traders and merchants]
Explanation:

“Vanigam” refers to trade and commerce, particularly merchant guilds involved in maritime and inland trade. Early Chera society had flourishing trade networks, with Vanigam playing a crucial role.

Answer: B [The division of land based on geographical and socio-economic factors]
Explanation:

The Thinai classification in Sangam literature categorized regions based on geography and socio-economic activities. It did not classify people by occupation or caste. It was not a religious classification.

Answer: D [Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct]
Explanation:

Statement I is incorrect: While Chera rulers were known for their administration, some of them were also poets and actively contributed to Sangam literature. For instance, Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan was a renowned Chera ruler and poet.

Statement II is correct: The Pattini cult, worshiping Kannagi, the goddess of chastity, was prominent in the Chera kingdom. This is evident in Sangam literature, particularly in the Silapathikaram, which narrates Kannagi’s story and highlights her significance in the region.

Answer: C [1, 2 and 3 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Early Cholas actively promoted Tamil and used it in their inscriptions and literary works.

Statement 2 is correct: Kapilar was a prominent poet of the Sangam period, which predates the Early Cholas.

Statement 3 is correct: Pattinappalai is a work from the Sangam era and offers glimpses into urban life of that time.

Statement 4 is incorrect. While structural temples became prominent during the later Chola period, they were not a significant feature of Early Chola art and architecture.