The interplay between Coriolis force and Jet Streams forms the cornerstone of global atmospheric circulation. While the Coriolis effect imparts direction to large-scale wind systems, Jet Streams regulate weather variability and climate zones. Together, they influence monsoons, cyclones, ocean currents, and precipitation patterns worldwide.

Role of Coriolis Force

1. Deflection of Winds: Rightward in the Northern Hemisphere, leftward in the Southern Hemisphere.
2. Wind Belts Formation: Generates Trade Winds, Westerlies, and Polar Easterlies, forming the Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells.
3. Cyclonic Systems: Governs spiral rotation of cyclones – counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
4. Ocean Circulation:
   1. Creates clockwise circulation in the Bay of Bengal.
   2. Supports upwelling along India’s east coast during summer monsoon.
   3. Studies (2014–2024) show absence of Coriolis eliminates upwelling west of Sri Lanka, highlighting its role in ocean-atmosphere interaction.

Role of Jet Streams

1. Nature: Fast-moving upper-tropospheric winds formed due to steep temperature gradients.
2. Polar Jet Stream:
   1. Steers temperate cyclones and controls westerlies in mid-latitudes.
3. Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ):
   1. Stronger in winter, weaker in summer.
   2. Seasonal shifts influence Indian Monsoon via interaction with Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ):
      1. Equatorward shift of STJ → weak TEJ → reduced central India rainfall.
      2. Poleward shift of STJ → strong TEJ → enhanced monsoon rainfall.

Interaction between Coriolis Force and Jet Streams

1. Coriolis force shapes the direction and velocity of Jet Streams by deflecting upper-air currents.
2. Temperature gradients + Coriolis = strong westerly Jet Streams.
3. This interaction:
   1. Guides storm systems and monsoon troughs.
   2. Influences global precipitation distribution.
   3. Affects regional climate regimes such as South Asian monsoon variability.

Thus, the Coriolis force provides the structural framework of global winds, while Jet Streams act as dynamic regulators of climate. Their interaction is vital for understanding global weather patterns and regional systems like the Indian Monsoon. With climate change altering Jet Stream behavior and ocean-atmosphere dynamics, their study is crucial for predictive climatology and disaster preparedness.