ASIA’S LARGEST TRIBAL FESTIVAL: MEDHARAM JATHARA

1. Medharam or Medaram Jathara, also known as Sammakka Saralamma Jatara, is a significant festival in Telangana, India, honoring the Hindu Tribal goddesses.
2. The Biennial (once every two years) Medaram Jatara is the second-largest fair of India after the Kumbh Mela; symbolizes ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’
3. Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs sanctions Rs. 2.30 Crores for the Medaram Jatara 2024, to promote its tribal culture and heritage

Historical Background:

1. Sammakka, a tribal leader, emerged in the 13th century, honored for her miraculous abilities and leadership among tribal communities.
2. She fought against King Prataprudra’s imposition of taxes on the Koya Tribe, alongside her daughter Saralamma, leading to their Worship.
3. The tragic battle led to the establishment of a biennial festival in their honor.

Festival Observances:

1. Held at Medaram in Tadvai Mandal in Mulugu district, the festival features rituals conducted by Koya Tribe priests.
2. Millions of devotees, including non-Koya people, participate in the 4-day event (21st-24th February, 2024) offering jaggery to the goddesses and following Koya customs.

Significance and Global Recognition:

1. Declared a national festival, it draws devotees from across India, potentially earning UNESCO’s ‘intangible cultural heritage of humanity’ tag.
2. Symbolizing unity and devotion, the festival fosters community among attendees.

Jampanna Vagu:

1. A tributary to the river Godavari, Jampanna Vagu holds historical significance, named after tribal warrior Jampanna.
2. Devotees believe bathing in it honors their gods’ sacrifice and courage, reinforcing faith and devotion.

Tribal Festivals Across India:

1. Central India hosts festivals like Madai, Bhagoriya, and tribal Dussehra, showcasing the cultural vibrancy of tribe Gonds and Bhils.
2. Northern states celebrate Mim kut, Sekrenyi, and Hornbill festival, reflecting unique tribal traditions.
3. Eastern India observes festivals like Mansa, Karama, and Sarhul, marked by elaborate rituals and cultural performances.
4. Southern states, including Andhra Pradesh, celebrate Banjara Holi and Samakka festival, honoring tribal deities.
5. Western India’s Baneshwar fair in Rajasthan is known for its richness, celebrated by the Bhil tribe.