Daily Current Affairs Quiz: October 15, 2025

Answer: D [1, 2, 3 and 4]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Valley breezes occur during the day because mountain slopes heat up faster than the valley floor. The warmer air along the slopes becomes lighter and rises, drawing cooler air from the valley upward. This upslope movement of air is known as a valley or anabatic breeze.

Statement 2 is correct: Mountain breezes occur at night when mountain slopes cool faster than the valley floor. The denser, cooler air from the slopes flows downward into the valley under gravity, creating a downslope wind known as a mountain or katabatic breeze.

Statement 3 is correct: Katabatic winds are gravity-driven winds flowing downslope from higher elevations. These winds carry denser, cooler air into valleys, usually at night. They are common in mountainous and polar regions and can influence local weather and temperature patterns significantly.

Statement 4 is correct: Anabatic winds are upslope winds caused by warmer temperatures in valleys compared to higher elevations. The heated air on the slopes rises, drawing air from lower areas upward. These winds typically occur during the daytime and contribute to localized convection and weather changes.

Answer: B [Only two]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Coriolis effect arises due to Earth’s rotation, causing moving air to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection influences wind direction and contributes to the formation of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.

Statement 2 is correct: Trade winds blow from the subtropical high-pressure belts (around 30° latitude) toward the equatorial low-pressure zone (the Intertropical Convergence Zone). In the Northern Hemisphere, they blow from the northeast, and in the Southern Hemisphere, from the southeast.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Westerlies blow from west to east, not east to west, in both hemispheres. They are found in the mid-latitudes (30°–60°) and are responsible for moving weather systems from west to east.

Answer: B [Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters]
Explanation:

Option (a) is incorrect: High humidity and heavy rainfall throughout the year are typical of tropical rainforest climates, where constant convection and abundant moisture lead to persistent precipitation. Mediterranean climates, in contrast, experience distinct seasonal rainfall concentrated in winters, with dry, hot summers.

Option (b) is correct: Mediterranean climates are marked by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The summer dryness is due to the dominance of subtropical high-pressure systems, while winter rainfall occurs when westerly winds bring moist air from oceans. This pattern is seen in regions like the Mediterranean Basin and California.

Option (c) is incorrect: Uniform rainfall and cold temperatures year-round occur in polar or tundra regions, where low temperatures prevent significant evaporation and precipitation is evenly spread. Mediterranean climates differ sharply, with strong seasonal contrasts between wet winters and dry summers.

Option (d) is incorrect: Extremely hot summers and very cold winters are features of continental climates, especially in interior regions of continents far from oceans. Mediterranean climates, by contrast, have moderated temperatures due to proximity to seas and seasonal pressure systems.

Answer: C [1 and 3 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Cold currents, such as the California and Humboldt currents, cause upwelling, a process where nutrient-rich water from deeper layers rises to the surface. This influx of nutrients supports a thriving marine ecosystem, leading to abundant phytoplankton growth, which forms the base of the food chain and attracts large fish populations, creating productive fishing grounds.

Statement 2 is incorrect: While warm currents do increase the humidity of coastal areas, their impact on rainfall is complex and not always positive. Increased humidity can create conditions conducive to rainfall, but other factors like atmospheric stability, wind patterns, and the presence of mountains can influence whether precipitation actually increases or if drier conditions prevail. For instance, warm currents can sometimes lead to temperature inversions that suppress rainfall.

Statement 3 is correct: Ocean gyres are large systems of rotating ocean currents driven by wind and the Earth’s rotation. These gyres can act as traps for floating debris, including plastics and other pollutants, concentrating them in specific areas known as garbage patches. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a prominent example of this phenomenon.

Answer: A [High temperature throughout the year with very high diurnal range]
Explanation:

Option (a) is correct: Tropical desert climates are characterized by high temperatures throughout the year and a very high diurnal temperature range. Daytime temperatures can be extremely hot, while nights are significantly cooler due to low humidity and clear skies, which allow rapid heat loss.

Option (b) is incorrect: Heavy rainfall throughout the year is typical of tropical rainforest climates, not deserts. Tropical deserts receive very little annual precipitation, often less than 250 mm, making them extremely arid.

Option (c) is incorrect: Cold winters and mild summers are features of temperate or continental climates, not tropical deserts. Tropical deserts generally experience consistently hot conditions year-round.

Option (d) is incorrect: High humidity and frequent fog occur in coastal or maritime climates, such as Mediterranean or temperate oceanic regions. Tropical deserts are extremely dry, with very low humidity and rare fog formation.