Daily Current Affairs Quiz: October 11, 2025

Answer: A [2 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: PIL can be filed by any public-spirited person or organization, not necessarily the aggrieved party. This is the essence of PIL, allowing anyone to raise issues of public concern.

Statement 2 is correct: PIL is indeed a legal action initiated in a court of law for the purpose of protecting the public interest. This involves issues that affect a large segment of the population.

Statement 3 is incorrect: PILs can be filed in High Courts as well as the Supreme Court of India, broadening the accessibility of this legal instrument.

Statement 4 is correct: The concept of PIL is borrowed from American jurisprudence. It originated in the USA where it was used as a tool to protect the civil rights of the marginalized sections of society. It was introduced in India in the early 1980s by Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer.

Answer: B [2 and 3 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Parole is governed by rules laid down by state governments and often involves judicial oversight or review by parole boards. It is not solely at the discretion of prison authorities.

Statement 2 is correct: Good conduct and discipline during incarceration are key criteria for parole eligibility. Authorities assess whether the prisoner poses a threat to society and whether they have shown signs of reformation.

Statement 3 is correct: Parole is often granted on compassionate grounds, such as attending a funeral, visiting a critically ill relative or handling family emergencies. These reasons are considered valid under most state prison manuals.

Statement 4 is incorrect: Prisoners serving life sentences may be eligible for parole depending on the nature of the crime, time served (usually after 14 years) or state rules and recommendations. Parole is not automatically denied to life convicts.

Answer: C [1 and 2 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: To prevent PIL from being misused for publicity or private interests, the Supreme Court has mandated that courts should verify the credentials of the petitioner before proceeding.

Statement 2 is correct: In PIL cases, where fact-finding is crucial, courts often appoint commissions or expert bodies to investigate allegations and report back.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Supreme Court has established the principle that if a petition highlights a clear violation of a group’s constitutional rights, the State cannot be permitted to raise procedural objections like ‘locus standi’ to block the case.

Answer: D [To provide a platform for public spirited individuals to file litigations on behalf of the underprivileged]
Explanation:

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a key aspect of the Indian judicial system that allows public spirited individuals or groups to file litigations on behalf of those who are unable to do so, particularly the underprivileged or those whose rights are being violated. It is not meant to facilitate access to courts for the wealthy, limit the number of cases filed, or allow the government to bring cases directly to the Supreme Court.

Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Through PIL, a tool of judicial activism, the Supreme Court has expanded the ambit of Fundamental Rights to include rights such as the right to clean air and a decent living.

Statement 2 is correct: A major criticism and negative side of judicial activism is that it can blur the constitutional lines separating the powers and functions of the three organs of government.

Statement 3 is correct: Judicial activism has played a crucial role in electoral reforms by issuing directions that have led to greater transparency, such as the mandatory filing of affidavits by candidates.