Daily Current Affairs Quiz: December 26, 2025

Answer: C [To identify and distinguish the goods or services of one party from those of others in the marketplace.]
Explanation:

Option [A] is incorrect: This option describes a patent, which protects inventions that are new, involve an inventive step, and are capable of industrial application, not brand identity or source of goods.

Option [B] is incorrect: This option refers to copyright, which grants exclusive rights for a limited period to creators of original literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.

Option [C] is correct: A trademark primarily functions to identify and distinguish the goods or services of one party from those of others in the marketplace, helping consumers recognize the source of products and preventing confusion.

Option [D] is incorrect: This option relates to industrial designs, which protect the ornamental or aesthetic aspects of an article, not its commercial identity.

Answer: A [The difficulty in establishing inventorship and ownership for AI-generated creations.]
Explanation:

Option [A] is correct: Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence pose serious IPR challenges because AI-generated outputs blur traditional concepts of inventorship and ownership, which are based on human creativity and accountability.

Option [B] is incorrect: While naturally occurring biological sequences are not patentable, biotechnology allows patents on isolated, modified, or engineered sequences. Hence, lack of patentability is not the main enforcement challenge.

Option [C] is incorrect: Open-source principles are not universally accepted and do not override proprietary IPR claims; both systems coexist under established legal frameworks.

Option [D] is incorrect: Digital piracy of AI algorithms is not easy to trace or prosecute; therefore, this option understates enforcement difficulties and is factually incorrect.

Answer: B [Only two]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The TRIPS Agreement is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO), not by WIPO. WIPO deals with several IP treaties, but not TRIPS administration.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Berne Convention primarily deals with copyright protection for literary and artistic works, not patents or trademarks, which fall under industrial property regimes.

Statement 3 is correct: The Paris Convention provides national treatment and forms the basis for non-discrimination in industrial property rights such as patents and trademarks for foreign nationals.

Statement 4 is correct: The Marrakesh Agreement established the World Trade Organization and formally incorporated the TRIPS Agreement into the WTO framework.

Answer: D [All Four]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Copyright protection in India is governed by the Copyright Act, 1957, which is aligned with international standards and treaties such as the Berne Convention, ensuring global compatibility.

Statement 2 is correct: Copyright protects the original expression of an idea, not the idea itself. Mere ideas, facts, or concepts are not protected unless expressed in a tangible form.

Statement 3 is correct: Literary works (including software), artistic works, musical works, and cinematograph films are all expressly recognized categories eligible for copyright protection under Indian law.

Statement 4 is correct: Copyright protection in India is automatic upon creation of the work. Registration is optional and serves only as evidentiary proof, not as a condition for protection.

Answer: B [Only three]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Stronger Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection encourages research and development (R&D) by assuring innovators exclusive rights to commercially exploit their inventions, thereby improving returns on investment.

Statement 2 is correct: Overly broad or restrictive IPR can hinder follow-on innovation by raising licensing costs, increasing legal uncertainty, and limiting access to existing technologies needed for incremental innovation.

Statement 3 is correct: IPR regimes often disproportionately benefit large corporations that possess greater financial and legal resources, while smaller firms and individual inventors may face higher barriers in securing, enforcing, or defending IPR.

Statement 4 is incorrect: A patent thicket—where multiple overlapping patents cover a single technology—generally slows down innovation by increasing transaction costs, legal disputes, and entry barriers, rather than accelerating technological advancement.