Why in the News?
- Germany’s cabinet approved a draft bill to introduce voluntary military service amid rising security threats from Russia after the 2022 Ukraine invasion.
- The bill includes plans to double trained reservists and possibly reinstate conscription if voluntary targets are not met.
About Germany
- Location: Central Europe; borders nine countries including France, Poland, and Austria.
- Capital & Largest City: Berlin
- Government: Federal parliamentary republic
- Population: Around 83 million, making it the most populous EU country.
- Economy: Largest economy in Europe; global leader in automobiles, machinery, and engineering.
- Military (Bundeswehr): Ended compulsory military service in 2011; now aiming to grow forces to 260,000 soldiers by early 2030s to meet NATO targets.
- NATO & Security Role: Founding NATO member; increasing defence spending post Russia-Ukraine war.
- Geopolitical Context: Strong advocate of EU unity, climate action and transatlantic cooperation; faces security challenges due to Russia’s aggressive posture.
England
Why in the News?
- England witnessed angry confrontations between opponents and supporters of migrants at demonstrations across several cities during the holiday weekend.
- The protests were triggered by a High Court order requiring a hotel in Epping (London suburb) to evict asylum-seekers, leading to heightened tensions and political debate.
About England
- Location: England is the largest and most populous country in the United Kingdom, situated on the island of Great Britain.
- Capital: London, one of the world’s major financial and cultural hubs.
- Geography: Bordered by Scotland to the north, Wales to the west, and the North Sea and English Channel along the eastern and southern coasts.
- Population: Around 57 million people (2025 estimates), making it the most populous UK country.
- Government: Part of the United Kingdom, under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system.
- Economy: England has a high-income, service-driven economy, with major sectors including finance, technology, and manufacturing.
- Major Cities: London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, and Bristol.
- Significance: Known for its historical influence, industrial revolution legacy, global culture, and major universities like Oxford and Cambridge.
