e–Railway Claims Tribunal System: Digital Reform in Railway Justice Delivery

Context

The Union Minister for Railways recently launched the e–Railway Claims Tribunal system as Reform No. 4 under Indian Railways’ “52 Reforms in 52 Weeks” programme. The initiative aims to digitise and modernise the functioning of the Railway Claims Tribunal by enabling end-to-end online claim filing and adjudication.

Q1. What is the e–Railway Claims Tribunal (e-RCT) system and what objectives does it seek to achieve under the “52 Reforms in 52 Weeks” initiative?

1. The e-RCT is a fully digitised platform designed to computerise the functioning of the Railway Claims Tribunal.
2. It seeks to modernise the filing, processing, and disposal of railway-related claims.
3. The system aims to ensure:
   1. Faster case resolution
   2. Greater procedural transparency
   3. Nationwide accessibility
4. It allows aggrieved passengers to file claims electronically from any location.
5. The platform supports remote access even during travel.
6. It reduces physical paperwork and manual handling of case records.
7. The initiative aligns with broader digital governance reforms in public institutions.

Q2. How does the new e-RCT platform transform the traditional claims adjudication process in Indian Railways?

1. Earlier, claimants had to physically approach tribunal benches for filing cases.
2. The new system enables 24×7 online claim submission.
3. Case allocation and registration are automated.
4. Real-time tracking provides status updates from filing to final disposal.
5. Digitisation minimises delays caused by document transfer between benches.
6. AI-enabled features improve administrative efficiency.
7. The system enhances citizen convenience and procedural clarity.

Q3. What are the core technological components of the e-RCT system and how do they function?

1. The platform consists of three major components.
2. E-Filing Module:
   1. Enables online submission of petitions and affidavits
   2. Allows uploading of annexures and supporting documents
   3. Operates round-the-clock
3. Case Information System (CIS):
   1. Maintains a centralised database of all cases
   2. Automates case numbering and allocation
   3. Facilitates real-time monitoring
4. Document Management System (DMS):
   1. Stores digital pleadings and notices
   2. Archives summons and judgments
   3. Maintains digitally signed records
5. Integration of these components ensures seamless digital workflow.
6. Data centralisation strengthens institutional record-keeping.

Q4. What is the statutory basis and jurisdiction of the Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT)?

1. The RCT was constituted under the Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987.
2. It adjudicates claims against the Railway Administration.
3. Jurisdiction includes compensation for:
   1. Death or injury in railway accidents
   2. Untoward incidents
4. It also handles claims related to loss or non-delivery of goods.
5. Refund claims for fares and freight fall within its mandate.
6. The tribunal provides specialised and expedited dispute resolution.
7. It reduces the burden on regular civil courts.

Q5. How is the Railway Claims Tribunal structured institutionally across India?

1. The RCT functions through 23 benches across 21 cities.
2. The Principal Bench is located in New Delhi.
3. Each bench consists of:
   1. A Judicial Member
   2. A Technical Member
4. Judicial Members ensure legal interpretation and adjudication.
5. Technical Members contribute domain expertise related to railway operations.
6. The structure promotes balanced decision-making.

Q6. What broader governance benefits can digital tribunals like e-RCT bring to public service delivery?

1. Digitisation improves accessibility for citizens across geographical regions.
2. Automated systems reduce procedural delays.
3. Electronic records enhance transparency and accountability.
4. AI integration supports efficient case management.
5. Reduced paper usage contributes to environmental sustainability.
6. Real-time monitoring strengthens administrative oversight.
7. Citizen-centric reforms increase trust in public institutions.
8. The model can be replicated across other quasi-judicial bodies.

Conclusion

The e–Railway Claims Tribunal system represents a significant step toward digital justice delivery within Indian Railways. By integrating e-filing, automated case tracking, and digital documentation, the reform enhances accessibility, efficiency, and transparency. As part of the broader “52 Reforms in 52 Weeks” initiative, it reflects the Railways’ commitment to modern governance and citizen-centric service delivery.