Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Context

The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary will host the second edition of the ‘Indian Bison Fest’, an event aimed at promoting wildlife conservation and eco-tourism.

About Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

1. Location: Bargarh District (Odisha), close to Hirakud Dam built on Mahanadi River.
   1. Hirakud Dam is notable for being the longest dam in India and the longest earthen dam in the world.
2. The sanctuary also holds historical importance because of Veer Surendra Sai, a prominent freedom fighter. During his rebellion against British rule, his operational base Barapathara was located within the present sanctuary area.
3. Vegetation: Mixed and dry deciduous forests.
4. Flora: Major tree species found in the sanctuary include Sal, Asana, Bija, Amla and Dhaura.
5. Fauna: Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary hosts a wide variety of wildlife species.
   1. Important mammals include Indian leopards, Sloth bears, Chousingha (four-horned antelope), Sambar deer, Gaurs (Indian bison), Wild boars and Indian wild dogs (dholes)
   2. Migratory Birds: The sanctuary also serves as a major wintering ground for migratory birds like Crested serpent eagle, Flowerpeckers, Red-vented bulbul, Treepie, Drongo and Oriental white-eye.

Key Facts about Indian Bison (Gaur)

1. It is the largest species of wild cattle in the world and is a member of the Bovidae family.
2. Physical Characteristics: Gaurs are known for their powerful build – Large and muscular body, a prominent grey ridge on the forehead between the horns and horns that curve upward from the sides of the head.
3. Distribution: Native to South and Southeast Asia, where they inhabit forested landscapes.
4. Habitat: Evergreen forests, Semi-evergreen forests, Moist deciduous forests and Open grasslands. Gaurs prefer hilly regions below 1,500–1,800 metres altitude with abundant water and large undisturbed forest areas.
5. Conservation Status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List)

FAQs

Q1. Where is Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary located?

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Bargarh District, Odisha, near the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River. The Hirakud Dam is the longest dam in India and the longest earthen dam in the world.

Q2. What is the significance of Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary?

The sanctuary is important for both ecological and historical reasons. It hosts diverse wildlife and was also linked to Veer Surendra Sai, a freedom fighter who used Barapathara (within the sanctuary) as his base during his rebellion against British rule.

Q3. Which animals can be seen in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary?

Visitors can spot Indian leopards, sloth bears, chousingha (four‑horned antelope), sambar deer, gaurs (Indian bison), wild boars, and dholes (Indian wild dogs). The sanctuary is also a wintering ground for migratory birds like crested serpent eagles, flowerpeckers, drongos, and oriental white‑eyes.

Q4. What is special about the Indian Bison (Gaur) found in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary?

The Indian Bison (Gaur) is the largest wild cattle species in the world, known for its muscular build and distinctive horns. It inhabits forested landscapes across South and Southeast Asia and is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

Q5. Why is the Indian Bison Fest celebrated at Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary? 

The Indian Bison Fest promotes wildlife conservation and eco‑tourism, highlighting the importance of protecting gaurs and other species. It also raises awareness about sustainable tourism and the ecological richness of Debrigarh.