Bose Institute Scientists Receive Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics

1. The Experimental High Energy Physics group of Bose Institute (BI) has been awarded the Breakthrough Prize 2025 in Fundamental Physics.
2. This recognition is for their contribution as part of the ALICE collaboration at CERN.

About the Breakthrough Prize 2025

1. The Breakthrough Prize for 2025 is awarded to researchers from over 70 countries who contributed to four experimental collaborations at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
2. The prize recognizes their work in:
   1. Detailed measurements of Higgs boson properties, confirming the mass generation symmetry-breaking mechanism.
   2. Discovery of new strongly interacting particles.
   3. Study of rare processes and the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
   4. Exploration of nature at the shortest distances and most extreme conditions using LHC.

About CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

1. Established: In 1954, as Europe’s first joint scientific initiative after World War II.
2. Purpose: Dedicated to collaborative research in high-energy particle physics.
3. Location: On the Franco-Swiss border, near Geneva, Switzerland.
4. Members: CERN has 23 Member States and 10 Associate Member States.
   1. India is an Associate Member.

Experimental Collaborations at CERN’s LHC

1. ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus): The largest detector ever constructed for a particle collider.
2. CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid): A general-purpose detector exploring topics from the Standard Model to extra dimensions and dark matter.
3. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment): Focuses on studying Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a state of matter from the first microseconds after the Big Bang.
4. LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty):
   1. Investigates the matter-antimatter asymmetry by studying the "beauty quark" (b quark).
   2. The b quark is the second-heaviest known quark with a negative charge of one-third the elementary charge of the electron.