1st Satellite Tagging of Ganges River Dolphin

1. In December 2024, India achieved a remarkable milestone in wildlife conservation with the 1^st-ever satellite tagging of the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica), in Assam..
2. This initiative marks significant progress under Project Dolphin, a program dedicated to conserving India’s National Aquatic Animal.
3. Objectives: The tagging aims to collect crucial data to better understand the dolphin’s seasonal and migratory patterns, range and distribution, habitat usage, particularly in fragmented or disturbed river systems.

1. This data is critical for creating and implementing effective conservation strategies.

Key Details of the Initiative

1. The project was led by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and implemented by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in partnership with the Assam Forest Department.
2. The National CAMPA Authority funded the initiative. This authority, established under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016, manages the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund under India’s Public Account system.
3. Lightweight satellite tags compatible with Argos systems were employed to minimize disruption to the dolphin’s natural movement.  

1. These weigh as little as 2 grams and are designed for low-impact tracking on birds,  and smaller animals due to their minimal weight. 

Significance of the Initiative

1. Enhancing Conservation Efforts: The study of dolphin behaviour and movement will aid in developing a detailed conservation plan.

1. It focuses on protecting this apex predator, which is crucial for maintaining the balance and health of river ecosystems.

2. Understanding Habitat Needs: The collected data will bridge existing gaps in knowledge about the dolphins’ habitat and migratory behaviour.
3. Promoting Technological Advancements: The use of satellite tagging represents a significant step forward in wildlife monitoring techniques.
4. Global Benchmark for Conservation: This initiative demonstrates India’s leadership in wildlife preservation and sets an example for safeguarding endangered species worldwide.
5. Sustaining River Ecosystems: It highlights the importance of comprehensive research and innovative technologies to ensure the long-term health of river systems.
6. Awareness and Action: The project reflects growing awareness and proactive efforts to conserve India’s aquatic biodiversity.

About Ganges River Dolphin The Ganges River Dolphin, recognized as India's National Aquatic Animal since 2009, is a rare and endangered species of freshwater dolphin. Locally known as Susu, this species is a vital indicator of river ecosystem health due to its position as a top predator. Found in the Ganga, Brahmaputra-Meghna, and Karnaphuli-Sangu River systems across India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Previously widespread, but human activities have fragmented their populations. Key Features Scientific Name: Platanista gangetica gangetica Physical Traits: Almost blind, relies on echolocation for navigation and hunting. Habitat: Prefers slow-moving rivers with sufficient depth and an abundance of prey. Diet: Carnivorous, primarily consuming fish and aquatic invertebrates. Ecological Significance Keystone Species: Essential for maintaining balance within river ecosystems. Indicator Species: Reflects the health and quality of freshwater ecosystems. Conservation Status IUCN: Endangered CITES: Listed in Appendix I Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Included under Schedule I Major Threats Habitat Degradation: Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources. Dams and barrages disrupting habitats and reducing connectivity among populations. Bycatch and Hunting: Accidental entrapment in fishing nets. Hunted for oil and meat in some areas. Water Abstraction: Excessive withdrawal of water for agriculture and industries reduces river flow. Riverbed Alteration: Activities like sand mining and dredging disturb natural habitats. Conservation Efforts by the Government Project Dolphin (2020): Launched for focusing on the protection of river and marine dolphins. Protected Areas: Establishment of sanctuaries such as the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in Bihar. Community Awareness: Campaigns to educate local populations about sustainable fishing practices and dolphin conservation. Technological Interventions: Satellite tagging initiatives to study dolphin migration and habitat requirements. Legislative Measures: Enforcing the Wildlife Protection Act strictly and banning harmful activities like sand mining.

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