Daily Current Affairs Quiz: October 28, 2025

Answer: A [1, 3 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Global Positioning System (GPS), developed by the United States, is a satellite-based navigation system that offers precise location and time information globally. It operates with a constellation of satellites in medium Earth orbit and is widely used in civilian, commercial, and military applications.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The U.S. GPS was the first fully operational global navigation satellite system, launched in 1978 and declared fully operational in 1995. Russia’s GLONASS followed, with its first satellite launched in 1982 and full global coverage achieved later.

Statement 3 is correct: India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is a regional satellite navigation system developed by ISRO. It provides accurate position data to users in India and up to 1500 km beyond its borders. NavIC is designed for both civilian and strategic applications across land, sea, and air.

Statement 4 is correct: Galileo is a global navigation satellite system developed by the European Union through the European Space Agency. It aims to provide high-precision positioning services worldwide and is independent of other systems like GPS and GLONASS, enhancing Europe’s strategic autonomy in satellite navigation.

Answer: C [1, 2 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Nuclear fusion is the process by which atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, releasing vast amounts of energy. This is the fundamental reaction powering the sun and other stars, where hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium under extreme temperature and pressure.

Statement 2 is correct: ITER is a major international collaboration involving 35 countries, including India, the EU, USA, and China. It seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy by producing 500 MW of power from 50 MW of input, paving the way for future fusion power plants.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Cold fusion, proposed in 1989, suggested fusion at room temperature. However, it has not been reliably replicated or validated. While some researchers continue exploring low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), mainstream science does not accept cold fusion as proven.

Statement 4 is correct: Achieving practical nuclear fusion requires sustaining temperatures of over 100 million degrees Celsius and immense pressure to overcome the repulsive forces between nuclei. Containing such plasma safely and efficiently remains one of the biggest engineering hurdles.

Answer: D [IoT devices can collect vast amounts of personal data, often without explicit user consent.]
Explanation:

Option A is incorrect: IoT devices do collect personal data, such as location, health metrics, voice recordings, and usage patterns. This data is often gathered continuously and transmitted to cloud servers. Assuming they pose no privacy issues is misleading and ignores the real risks of data misuse and breaches.

Option B is incorrect: While some IoT devices use encryption, many lack robust security protocols. Encryption alone doesn’t guarantee privacy, especially if devices collect data without user awareness or consent. Vulnerabilities in software, poor configurations, and weak authentication still make them privacy risks.

Option C is incorrect: IoT devices are often more susceptible to hacking than traditional computers. Many have limited processing power, outdated firmware, and weak security standards. Their constant connectivity and lack of user oversight make them attractive targets for cyberattacks and data theft.

Option D is correct: IoT devices can collect vast amounts of personal data, often passively and without explicit user consent. This includes sensitive information like sleep patterns, voice commands, and home activity. The lack of transparency and control over data collection is a major privacy challenge.

Answer: B [Transfers amino acids during translation]
Explanation:

Option A is incorrect: tRNA does not carry genetic code from DNA. That role belongs to mRNA (messenger RNA), which transcribes the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus and carries it to the ribosome.

Option B is correct: tRNA transfers amino acids during translation. During protein synthesis, tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with a codon on the mRNA strand, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This is tRNA’s primary and essential function.

Option C is incorrect: tRNA does not form ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. They serve as the site of protein synthesis. tRNA interacts with ribosomes during translation but is not a structural component of them.

Option D is incorrect: tRNA does not initiate DNA replication. DNA replication is initiated by enzymes like helicase and primase and involves DNA polymerase. tRNA plays no role in this process.

Answer: C [1, 2 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Cryogenic rocket engines use liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer, both stored at extremely low temperatures. These propellants are highly efficient and produce powerful thrust when combusted, making them ideal for space missions.

Statement 2 is correct: Cryogenic engines are primarily used in the upper stages of multistage rockets. Their high efficiency and ability to operate in vacuum conditions make them suitable for propelling payloads into orbit after initial launch stages.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The United States was the first to develop cryogenic rocket engine technology, notably with the RL-10 engine used in the Atlas-Centaur rocket. India developed its own cryogenic engines later, such as the CE-20 used in GSLV and LVM3 launch vehicles.

Statement 4 is correct: Cryogenic engines offer higher specific impulse compared to solid or hypergolic engines, meaning they deliver more thrust per unit of propellant. This makes them more efficient for long-duration and high-performance space missions.