Context
Gujarat has recently reported seven confirmed cases of Chandipura Virus (CHPV) infection, including three deaths, prompting renewed attention to the disease.
About Chandipura Virus (CHPV)
- CHPV is a vector-borne virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes the rabies virus, though it causes a different disease.
- It was first identified in 1965 in Chandipura village, Maharashtra, from which it derives its name.
- It causes Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), a severe inflammation of the brain.
Transmission
- Sand flies are the primary vectors of CHPV.
- Ticks are suspected to act as vectors, but their role has not been conclusively established.
- No evidence of human-to-human transmission has been reported.
Epidemiology
- Children are the most affected group.
- Outbreaks occur mainly during the rainy season, particularly in western and central India.
- Previous outbreaks in India have reported a case fatality rate (CFR) of 56–75%.
Clinical Features
- Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, muscle pain, weakness, irritability, drowsiness, seizures, confusion, and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness.
- The disease can progress rapidly, particularly in children, and may lead to severe neurological complications.
Treatment
- No specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available.
- Treatment is limited to supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
