Promissory Estoppel: Meaning and Legal Principles

Promissory Estoppel

Context

The Supreme Court recently examined the scope of the Doctrine of Promissory Estoppel and ruled that it cannot be invoked to obtain benefits from a government policy by beneficiaries who fall outside the policy’s intended coverage.

About Promissory Estoppel

  1. Promissory Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a person from going back on a promise when another party has relied upon it and suffered a loss or disadvantage.
  2. The doctrine is based on the principles of equity and fairness and seeks to prevent injustice arising from the non-fulfilment of a promise.
  3. The doctrine may apply even where no formal contract exists.
  4. Its application generally requires:
  5. A clear and unambiguous promise;
  6. Reasonable reliance on the promise by the promisee;
  7. Loss or detriment suffered as a result of such reliance.
  8. In Chhaganlal Keshavalal Mehta v/s Patel Narandas Haribhai (1981), the Supreme Court reaffirmed that a clear promise, reasonable reliance, and resulting detriment are essential for invoking the doctrine.