Context
Tensions have escalated between Thailand and Cambodia amid renewed clashes and disputes over the long-contested Preah Vihear Temple, a historic site that has been at the centre of a border conflict for decades.
About Preah Vihear Temple
- The dispute between Thailand and Cambodia centres on the Preah Vihear Temple, a historic site located in the Dangrek mountain range along their shared border.
- The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and was built in the 11th century during the reign of Khmer rulers Suryavarman I and Suryavarman II.
- The temple complex stretches along a long 800-metre alignment, with a series of connected shrines arranged along pathways and stair-like structures.
- Its architectural layout includes multiple gateways, known as gopuras, placed in succession across the structure.
- Unlike typical temple designs, these gateways are linked by an extended passage and built with layered, stepped platforms above them.
- The roofing style varies across the gateways:
- Some sections are covered with stone structures
- Others use wooden roofing elements
- Overall, the design reflects a continuous ceremonial route connecting different sanctum points across the complex.
- It is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and holds deep cultural and religious importance for both countries.
- The conflict has its roots in colonial-era boundary decisions:
- A 1904 treaty placed the region under Siam (now Thailand)
- A later 1907 French map marked the temple area as part of Cambodia.
- The issue reached the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which in 1962 ruled in favour of Cambodia’s ownership.
- Despite the ruling, tensions resurfaced in 2008 when Cambodia’s move to seek UNESCO heritage status for the temple reignited the dispute.
