Daily Current Affairs Quiz: October 25, 2025

Answer: B [1, 2 and 3 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Indian National Movement, especially under Mahatma Gandhi, emphasized non-violent methods like Satyagraha and civil disobedience. This approach inspired later global movements, notably the Civil Rights Movement in the United States led by Martin Luther King Jr., which adopted non-violent protest as a key strategy.

Statement 2 is correct: Unlike the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, which involved armed uprising and violent overthrow of the government, the Indian National Movement pursued independence primarily through constitutional reforms, petitions, and mass mobilization. It relied on large-scale peaceful protests, strikes, and civil disobedience to pressure the British for self-rule.

Statement 3 is correct: The Indian National Movement and the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa shared similar goals of fighting colonial rule and racial discrimination. Gandhi’s early activism in South Africa against racial laws influenced both movements, highlighting the interconnected struggle against imperialism and racial oppression in different parts of the world.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The Quit India Movement of 1942 was a response to the British refusal to grant immediate independence during World War II and was not directly inspired by the Irish Easter Rising of 1916. Although Indian leaders were aware of global anti-colonial struggles, Quit India was rooted in the Indian context and wartime politics.

Answer: A [The Moderates believed in constitutional reforms while the Extremists aimed for Swaraj.]
Explanation:

Option (a) is correct: The Moderates believed in achieving political change through constitutional reforms, petitions, and dialogue with the British, while the Extremists demanded Swaraj (complete self-rule) and supported mass mobilization, protests, and direct action. This reflects the core ideological divide in the Indian National Congress during the freedom struggle.

Option (b) is incorrect: While the Moderates did support some social reforms, their primary focus was on constitutional and political reforms rather than purely social issues. Similarly, Extremists did not emphasize economic independence as their main goal; they were primarily focused on attaining political self-rule and national awakening.

Option (c) is incorrect: This is factually reversed. Moderates did not seek immediate independence; they preferred gradual reform within British rule. Extremists did not aim to collaborate with the British; instead, they demanded complete self-rule and were willing to adopt confrontational methods to achieve it.

Option (d) is incorrect: Moderates were committed to nonviolent methods such as petitions and discussions, not armed struggle. Extremists, while more radical, did not reject nonviolence entirely, but they endorsed assertive mass mobilization, strikes, and protests, rather than promoting violent confrontation as a primary method.

Answer: C [Only three]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Raja Ram Mohan Roy actively campaigned against Sati, using Hindu scriptures to argue that it was not a religious requirement. He appealed to reason, compassion, and morality, convincing both the public and the British government, which led to the official abolition of Sati in 1829.

Statement 2 is correct: He founded the Vedanta College in 1826 to provide education that combined Indian learning with Western sciences and philosophy. This institution promoted rational thinking, modern knowledge, and moral education, reflecting his vision of social reform through a balanced curriculum integrating tradition and modernity.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Raja Ram Mohan Roy supported English education in India as a means to modernize society, spread rational ideas, and promote scientific knowledge. He did not oppose Western learning or English-based education, instead encouraging its adoption alongside moral and ethical teachings.

Statement 4 is correct: He opposed social evils like polygamy and advocated for women’s rights, including property inheritance and legal protection. Roy’s efforts laid the foundation for later reforms in women’s status, emphasizing equality, justice, and social upliftment within the framework of Indian society.

Answer: D [1 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: During the Moplah Rebellion of 1921 in Malabar, the British authorities declared martial law in the affected areas. This extraordinary measure allowed the military to act decisively against the uprising and restore order in the face of widespread violence and unrest.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The rebellion was not ignored by the British. Due to its violent nature, including attacks on government officials and communal tensions, the British considered it a serious threat and responded with force to prevent further escalation.

Statement 3 is incorrect: No peace committee was formed by the British to negotiate with the rebels. The administration relied on military and police action rather than dialogue, aiming to suppress the rebellion quickly and decisively.

Statement 4 is correct: The British deployed military and police forces to suppress the Moplah Rebellion. The combined use of armed forces and strict measures led to thousands of casualties, arrests, and the eventual end of the uprising.

Answer: B [2 and 4 only]
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The British did not deploy military forces to suppress the Deccan Riots of 1875. The uprising, led by indebted peasants against oppressive moneylenders, was addressed mainly through administrative and legal measures rather than armed intervention. Violence was limited and localized.

Statement 2 is correct: In response to the grievances of peasants, the British government passed the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act in 1879. This legislation aimed to regulate moneylending practices, provide relief to indebted cultivators, and prevent exploitation, marking one of the earliest legislative measures to protect agrarian interests.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Indian National Congress (1885) was not formed directly because of the Deccan Riots. Its establishment stemmed from broader political concerns, including administrative reforms, representation, and national awakening. While agrarian distress contributed to political consciousness, it was not the immediate cause of the Congress’s formation.

Statement 4 is correct: The Deccan Riots were primarily directed against moneylenders and landlords due to exploitative practices and oppressive debt. The unrest exposed flaws in land revenue policies, leading the British to introduce legislative reforms aimed at protecting peasants and regulating rural credit systems.