Musk Deer Conservation: CZA Highlights Inaction in Indian Zoos

1. A recent report by the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) confirms that no breeding programme has been initiated in Indian zoos for the conservation of musk deer.
2. This raises concerns for a species already under significant poaching pressure and facing habitat threats.

What Are Musk Deer?

1. Musk deer are small, solitary hoofed mammals (ungulates), active mainly during night or twilight hours.
2. They belong to the family Moschidae and are known for their shy and elusive nature.
3. The group consists of 7 recognized species, such as the Kashmir musk deer, Himalayan musk deer, and Anhui musk deer.
4. These species are found across 13 Asian countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, China, Myanmar, and Russia (Siberia).

Why Are They Hunted?

1. Adult male musk deer possess a musk gland, which secretes a substance used to attract mates during the breeding season.
2. This musk secretion is highly valued in the perfume industry, making the species vulnerable to illegal hunting and poaching.

Where Are Musk Deer Found in India?

1. Key habitats in India include the Askot Wildlife Sanctuary (Uttarakhand) and Gangotri National Park.
2. These areas provide the cold, forested environments needed for the species’ survival.

Conservation Status of Musk Deer

1. As per the IUCN Red List, most musk deer species are classified as Endangered, except the Siberian musk deer, which is listed as Vulnerable.
2. Under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species):
   1. Populations from Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan are listed in Appendix I (highest protection).
   2. All other populations are included in Appendix II.
3. In India, the species is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, offering the highest level of legal safeguard.