India Coffee Exports Challenges

Context

India’s coffee exports are facing disruptions due to shipping delays via the Strait of Hormuz, affecting trade with West Asian markets.

Q1. What is coffee and what are its major types?

1. Coffee is a tropical plantation crop grown mainly under shade trees.
2. It is cultivated for its seeds (coffee beans) used to prepare beverages.
3. The two main types are Arabica – Superior quality, mild flavour and Robusta – Stronger taste, higher caffeine content.

Q2. What are the major coffee-producing regions in India?

1. Coffee is mainly grown in southern India.
2. Major producing states include Karnataka (over 70% of total production), Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and Odisha (emerging areas).
3. It is largely cultivated in the Western and Eastern Ghats hill regions.

Q3. What are the climatic and soil requirements for coffee cultivation?

1. Altitude: 600 to 1,600 metres above sea level
2. Climate: Hot and humid conditions
3. Temperature: Between 15°C and 28°C
4. Rainfall: Around 150–250 cm annually
5. Soil: Well-drained, loamy soil rich in humus, iron, and calcium
6. Special condition: Dry weather is required during ripening of berries

Q4. What is the export significance of coffee for India?

1. Coffee is an important plantation export crop.
2. Europe is the largest export destination.
3. Major importing countries include Italy, Germany, Belgium, Middle East countries, Japan and South Korea.
4. It contributes to foreign exchange earnings and rural livelihoods.

Q5. What are the challenges currently affecting India’s coffee exports?

1. Disruptions in shipping routes via the Strait of Hormuz.
2. Delays in exports leading to stock accumulation at ports.
3. Increased transportation time and costs.
4. Vulnerability to geopolitical tensions affecting trade routes.

Conclusion

Coffee remains a vital export crop for India, but ensuring resilient supply chains and sustainable cultivation practices is key to overcoming emerging global challenges.