Context
India’s semiconductor and printed circuit board (PCB) industry is facing possible disruption due to helium supply risks, following geopolitical tensions affecting Qatar’s energy infrastructure.
Q1. What is Helium and how was it discovered?
- Helium is a very light, non-reactive gas found both on Earth and in space.
- It is a noble (inert) gas, meaning it does not react with other substances.
- It was discovered in 1868 during a solar eclipse by Jules Janssen and Norman Lockyer.
- Named after “Helios” (Sun) because it was first detected in the Sun’s spectrum.
Q2. What are the key properties of Helium?
- Atomic number: 2 (second lightest element after hydrogen).
- Very low boiling point (-268.9°C): Remains a gas even at extremely low temperatures.
- Non-toxic but not breathable: Cannot support life because it replaces oxygen.
- Unique property: Cannot be solidified by cooling alone under normal pressure.
- Does not burn or react (inert nature).
Q3. Where is Helium found?
- Major global reserves: United States, Algeria and Russia.
- In India: Found in Rajmahal Volcanic Basin (Jharkhand), trapped underground for billions of years.
Q4. Why is Helium important (Applications)?
- Rocket technology:
- Used to pressurise fuel tanks so fuel flows smoothly
- Used in cooling systems of rockets
- Also important for electronics (semiconductors) and scientific research.
Conclusion
Helium is a rare, non-reactive and extremely important gas used in advanced industries like space and electronics, making its supply crucial for technological development.
