In our interactions with others, a fundamental principle arises the notion that every individual deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. Immanuel Kant captured this idea in his second categorical imperative wherein he asserted that human beings should always be treated as ends in themselves, never as mere means to an end. This means:

1. Using another person solely as a means to an end is morally wrong.
2. Individuals possess intrinsic value independent of their utility to others.
3. By virtue of being a human being, individuals inherently possess certain rights.

This principle acknowledges the inherent dignity and worth of all human beings, necessitating the respect and protection of their interests and welfare. Treating individuals as ends in themselves entails valuing them as unique entities, rather than exploiting them as instruments to achieve external objectives. This principle holds significant implications for human rights, social justice, and ethical conduct, fostering a fair, compassionate, and equitable society. Its significance extends to the preservation of not only fundamental human rights but also animal rights, aligning with contemporary ideals of human dignity and privacy.

Its implications in modern techno-economic society:

1. Technological advancements like data mining and analytics often exploit human information as a means to achieve various ends, as evidenced by the Cambridge Analytica scandal, where individuals were reduced to mere data points to influence election outcomes. Such actions directly contradict Kant’s principle.
2. As Artificial Intelligence systems grow more sophisticated, there’s a risk of using them solely to maximise productivity or profits, neglecting the well-being of human workers and society.
3. In many gig economy platforms like Uber, Zomato, etc, workers are often treated as mere means to an end. They may face long hours, low pay, lack of benefits, and very little job security.
4. In our globalized economy, products often pass through complex supply chains involving multiple stages of production, distribution, and consumption. However, these supply chains can involve labour exploitation, environmental degradation, and violations of human rights.
5. In modern recruitment processes, algorithms are increasingly used to screen job applications and select candidates. However, these algorithms may inadvertently perpetuate bias against certain groups based on factors like race, gender, or socioeconomic status.
6. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in the European Union aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals by imposing strict rules on how companies collect, store, and process data. It aligns with Kant’s principle by recognizing individuals as ends in themselves and ensuring that their data is not exploited or used solely as a means to an end.
7. The open-access movement in academia advocates for free, unrestricted access to scholarly research and publications online. It aligns with Kant’s principle by treating individuals as ends in themselves rather than limiting their access to information for economic gain.
8. In the field of healthcare, advancements in technology such as genetic testing, medical imaging, and personalized medicine hold great promise for improving patient care. However, there are ethical implications regarding patient autonomy, consent, and privacy.
9. In a modern techno-economic context, adhering to this maxim would prohibit practices such as abortions and surrogacy, where individuals are manipulated as a means to an end using technological interventions.
10. Technology is being used for abortions and surrogacy wherein individuals are manipulated as means to an end goes against Kantian principles.

The utilization of humans as mere means diminishes them to mere economic entities or data points on a chart. We need to remind ourselves that humanity cannot be commodified; it is in the recognition of each person’s intrinsic worth that true progress and justice are realized