Approach

Introduction: Show the origin of the Dhamma Policy and its basic definition.

Body:

1. Highlight the basic features of the Dhamma policy along with examples as articulated in various Ashokan edicts.
2. Show the relevance of dhamma policy in the 21st century, covering multidimensional aspects along with examples.

Conclusion: Show how dhamma policy is still guiding in several ways and why we should follow it.

Answer:
The policy of “Dhamma” was formulated by Emperor Ashoka in the aftermath of the Kalinga War (261 BCE), which caused immense human suffering and led to Ashoka’s transformation from a ruthless conqueror to a compassionate ruler. Dhamma was not a religious doctrine but a moral code emphasising ethical governance, social harmony, and non-violence. Rooted in universal values, it promoted respect, tolerance, and welfare for all beings, ensuring peace and prosperity in the Mauryan Empire.

Features of the Dhamma Policy:

1. Non-Violence and Compassion: Ashoka renounced war and promoted non-violence. The Rock Edict XIII explicitly mentions his regret over the Kalinga War and his commitment to peace. He discouraged animal sacrifices and hunting (Pillar Edict V) and advocated kindness towards all living beings.
2. Religious Tolerance and Harmony: In Rock Edict XII, Ashoka urged people to respect different faiths and avoid criticism, fostering interreligious harmony in his vast empire.
3. Moral and Ethical Conduct: Emphasising honesty, self-discipline, and kindness, Ashoka advised his officials and subjects to practice truthfulness and gratitude (Pillar Edict II).
4. Welfare of People: Ashoka introduced several welfare measures, such as establishing hospitals for humans and animals, planting medicinal herbs, and digging wells for travellers (Rock Edict II). He also promoted social justice, ensuring justice for the weak (Pillar Edict IV).
5. Dhamma Mahamatras (Moral Officers): Special officers, known as Dhamma Mahamatras, were appointed to oversee the implementation of Dhamma and ensure social welfare (Rock Edict V). They acted as mediators in conflicts and helped spread Ashoka’s moral teachings.
6. Respect for All Living Beings: Ashoka restricted unnecessary slaughter and cruelty by recognising the importance of animal welfare. Rock Edict I mentions prohibitions on certain animal sacrifices and the protection of animals in royal lands.
7. Unity and Fraternity Among Subjects: Ashoka’s policy aimed at unifying his diverse empire through a shared moral code rather than military force. His inscriptions across India and neighbouring regions (such as Afghanistan) indicate his efforts to create a harmonious and just society.
8. Propagation of Dhamma beyond India: Ashoka sent emissaries to distant lands, including Sri Lanka, Greece, and Southeast Asia, spreading the values of non-violence and righteousness (Rock Edict XIII). This helped in fostering cultural exchanges and peaceful diplomatic ties.

Relevance of Dhamma Policy in the 21st Century:

1. Non-Violence and Global Peace: In an era of conflicts and wars, Ashoka’s emphasis on peace and diplomacy is relevant. International organisations like the UN promote peaceful resolutions, resonating with Ashoka’s anti-war stance.
2. Religious Tolerance and Coexistence: Global religious intolerance can be mitigated by adopting Ashoka’s ideals of respect for all faiths, fostering harmony in multicultural societies.
3. Ethical Governance and Public Welfare: Good governance, transparency, and welfare policies, as seen in Scandinavian countries, align with Ashoka’s people-centric approach.
4. Environmental Conservation: With climate change threatening the planet, Ashoka’s principles of protecting nature (Rock Edict I) emphasise sustainable practices and animal welfare, relevant to modern conservation efforts.
5. Social Justice and Human Rights: Ashoka’s protection of marginalised groups mirrors contemporary movements advocating for social equity, such as gender rights and workers’ welfare.
6. Promotion of Diplomacy and Soft Power: Just as Ashoka sent envoys to foreign lands, modern nations rely on diplomacy and cultural exchange to maintain international relations and cooperation.
7. Universal Brotherhood and Globalisation: The concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family), similar to Ashoka’s vision, is crucial in today’s interconnected world.
8. Education and Moral Development: Instilling moral values in education systems, as Ashoka emphasised, can help create responsible global citizens capable of addressing contemporary moral dilemmas.

Ashoka’s Dhamma policy remains a timeless guide for humanity, advocating peace, tolerance, and welfare. His ideas resonate with modern governance, social harmony, and environmental conservation. The principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Sarva Dharma Sambhava (equal respect for all religions) continue to inspire nations and individuals. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, embracing Dhamma can lead to a more just, compassionate, and sustainable world.