Global Initiative on the Taking of Migratory Species (GTI)

Context

The Global Initiative on the Taking of Migratory Species (GTI) was launched at COP15 of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) in Brazil to address threats from illegal and unsustainable exploitation.

Q1. What is the Global Initiative on the Taking of Migratory Species (GTI)?

GTI is a global collaborative initiative involving governments, conservation organisations, and local communities with the aim to address the illegal and unsustainable “taking” (hunting, fishing, trade, etc.) of migratory species. It responds to growing concerns highlighted in global biodiversity assessments.

Q2. Why was the GTI launched?

1. The State of the World’s Migratory Species Report (2024) found that nearly 70% of 1,200 CMS-listed species are threatened by illegal or unsustainable exploitation.
2. Major drivers: Hunting & fishing for food, commercial sale & trade, and sport & medicinal use.
3. There was a need for coordinated global action to address these threats.

Q3. What are the objectives of the GTI?

1. To help countries meet biodiversity commitments under global frameworks.
2. To support species recovery and prevent extinction.
3. To align with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
4. To promote sustainable use and conservation of migratory species.

Q4. What are the 4 key focus areas of the GTI?

1. Improving data collection and monitoring of migratory species.
2. Strengthening legal and policy frameworks to prevent illegal activities.
3. Enhancing community engagement, especially local and indigenous participation.
4. Raising awareness about conservation and sustainable practices.

Q5. Which organisations are involved in the GTI?

1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
2. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
3. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC)
4. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
5. TRAFFIC (wildlife trade monitoring network)

Q6. What is the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS)?

1. It is an international treaty established in 1979 in Bonn, Germany (also called Bonn Convention).
2. It operates under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
3. It focuses on conserving migratory species and their habitats across borders.
4. It currently has 133 Parties (including India and the EU).

Q7. How are species classified under CMS?

1. Appendix I: Includes endangered migratory species. Requires strict protection and conservation measures.
2. Appendix II: Includes species that need international cooperation for conservation.

Conclusion

The GTI marks an important step towards global cooperation in protecting migratory species, but its success depends on strong enforcement, data-driven policies, and community participation