- Rajya Sabha is a permanent house of the Parliament, meaning it does not dissolve like Lok Sabha.
- However, every member serves a six year term as one-third of its members retire every two years.
- To fill these vacancies, biennial elections are conducted (election once in every two years). Recently, in February 2026, the Election Commission of India announced biennial elections for 37 seats of the Rajya Sabha across 10 states.
- The elections are indirect via proportional representation by Single Transferable Vote (STV) (MLAs rank candidates in order of preference, and seats are allotted proportionally). It is provided under Article 80(4) of the Constitution.
- Electoral College: Rajya Sabha members are elected only by the elected MLAs of State Legislative Assemblies and of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir—nominated members have no role in this process.
- Rajya Sabha elections are a vital part of India’s federal parliamentary system, maintaining both continuity and democratic representation at the national level.
FAQs
Q1. How often are Rajya Sabha elections held?
Every two years, to replace one-third of members who retire after completing their six-year term.
Q2. How are Rajya Sabha members elected?
Through indirect elections by elected MLAs using proportional representation with the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system.
Q3. Who forms the electoral college for Rajya Sabha elections?
Elected MLAs of State Legislative Assemblies and of Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir.
Q4. What constitutional provision governs Rajya Sabha elections?
Article 80(4) of the Indian Constitution.
